Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

The global multi-factor authentication market (MFA) has been steadily increasing over the years, with an estimated value of nearly 13 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. It is projected to double in value by 2027.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA), which is closely related to two-factor authentication (2FA) — in that all 2FA is MFA, though not all MFA is 2FA — is a security process that requires shoppers to provide two or more different authentication factors to verify their identity. This approach enhances security by adding an extra layer of protection, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to gain access to accounts, systems, or data. MFA is commonly used to strengthen the authentication process for various online services, applications, and devices.

Though not foolproof, MFA is part of an effective fraud protection strategy. There are three primary authentication methods used in MFA.

1. Something You Know (Knowledge Factor): This factor involves something the shopper knows, such as a password, personal identification number (PIN), or answers to security questions. It is the most common and foundational factor in traditional authentication.
2. Something You Have (Possession Factor): This factor requires something the user physically possesses to complete the authentication process. It can be a mobile device, a smart card, a hardware token, or a one-time code sent via SMS or email. Possession factors are often used in combination with the knowledge factor.
3. Something You Are (Inherence Factor): This factor is based on biometric characteristics or traits unique to the individual, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, voice recognition, or retina scans. Biometric authentication is becoming increasingly popular due to its accuracy and convenience.

MFA typically involves a combination of these factors. For example, when logging into an online account with MFA enabled, a shopper may need to enter a password (something they know) and then provide a one-time code generated by a mobile app (something they have). Alternatively, they might use a fingerprint (something they are) in combination with a PIN (something they know).

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) offers several key benefits, both for eCommerce shops and their shoppers. It significantly enhances security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of authentication, making it more challenging for unauthorized individuals to gain access to accounts, systems, or data. Here are the primary benefits of MFA.

Enhanced Security: MFA significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, as even if one authentication factor is compromised, the attacker would need the additional factor(s) to gain access.

Protection Against Password Theft: MFA helps mitigate the risks associated with password theft that can come from phishing attacks or data breaches.

Compliance: MFA is often required to meet regulatory compliance and security standards, such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

Shopper Convenience: MFA can be designed for user-friendly experiences, often requiring one-click or short answers to authenticate. It provides an added layer of security through seamless interaction. 

MFA is widely used in various contexts beyond eCommerce, including online banking, email services, social media, remote access to corporate networks, and cloud-based applications. It has become an essential and standard component of modern cybersecurity strategies to protect against unauthorized access and data breaches.

Implementing multi-factor authentication is a valuable security measure to protect customer accounts and sensitive transaction data. MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring customers to provide two or more authentication factors to verify their identity before completing a purchase or accessing their account. Here’s how eCommerce businesses can integrate MFA into their operations.

Make Authentication Easy for Shoppers

Choosing the right multi-factor authentication (MFA) method for your eCommerce shop is essential to strike a balance between security and user convenience. The specific MFA methods you select should align with your business needs, the profile of your customers, and your overall security objectives. 

Begin by assessing your shop’s unique security requirements. Consider the sensitivity of the data you handle, the potential financial impact of security breaches, and any regulatory compliance requirements. Next, understand the demographics and preferences of your customers. Consider their technical literacy, the devices they use, and their willingness to adopt and use MFA methods. Choose MFA methods that provide a good user experience. Methods that are user-friendly, quick to use, and readily available to your customer base are more likely to be adopted. For example, mobile app authenticators and SMS codes are generally popular, easy-to-use methods preferred by shoppers.

When possible, provide your customers with options for MFA methods. Offering a range of MFA methods allows users to choose the one that best suits their preferences and devices. Remember to balance the level of security provided by the MFA method with user convenience. While more secure methods like hardware tokens or biometrics may be appropriate for some applications, they might not be necessary for all eCommerce shops.

Create Fallback Mechanisms

When customers can’t access their MFA methods, it’s important to provide them with a way to regain access to their accounts or complete their transactions while maintaining security. There are several ways to create fallback mechanisms that are favorable to the customer experience. Consider offering backup codes or alternative verification options. Additionally, it’s important to also make it easy for customers to seek assistance and troubleshoot any issues, so you don’t lose them as customers. Make sure to offer responsive customer support to assist shoppers who encounter difficulties with MFA.

Maintain Compliance

Stay informed about new MFA methods and regularly monitor your current system for effectiveness to stay ahead of evolving security threats and emerging technologies. Ensure that your MFA implementation complies with relevant data protection and privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

MFA is an effective security measure that significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, such as account takeover (ATO), to eCommerce accounts and fraudulent transactions. As a valuable fraud prevention tool, MFA has become standard practice for shops in the ongoing battle against online threats and is essential for maintaining trust and security for shoppers. While it may introduce a slight inconvenience for shoppers, the benefits far outweigh any downsides as MFA methods have been designed to be easy and quick to complete.